Binary Fate Choice between Closely Related Interneuronal Types Is Determined by a Fezf1-Dependent Postmitotic Transcriptional Switch

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Transfer factor prevents relapses in herpes keratitis patients: A pilot study

Transfer Factor is a dialysable moiety obtained from immune lymphocytes. It has been successfully used for the treatment of several viral infections including labial and genital herpes. In the present study, thirty-three patients with low immune response to HSV antigens and suffering from herpes ocular infections were orally treated with HSV-specific transfer factor (TF). Their relapse index was reduced from 20.1 before treatment to 0.51 after TF administration, with only 6/33 patients relapsing. Although this is not a placebo-controlled-randomized study, the results suggest that TF specific for HSV antigens may be efficacious for preventing relapses of ocular herpes infections as has been the case with genital and labial localisations.Abbreviations CMI Cell-mediated immunity - CMV Cytomegalo-virus - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - HIV Human immunodeficiency virus - HK Herpes keratitis - HSV Herpes simplex virus - IRI Individual relapse index - KU Kerato-uveitis - LMT Leucocyte migration test - LST Lymphocyte stimulation test - MIF Migration inhibition factor - RHK Relapsing herpes keratitis - TF Transfer factor     

Absolute configuration of an axially chiral sulfonate determined from its optical rotatory dispersion,electronic circular dichroism,and vibrational circular dichroism spectra

The absolute configuration (AC) of an axially chiral sulfonate (aCSO), 3,5‐dimethyl‐2‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)‐6‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)benzenesulfonate (labeled as aCSO5), was investigated using optical rotatory dispersion (ORD), electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopies. All three methods led to the same conclusion and the AC of aCSO5 is reliably determined to be (−)‐(aR , aR ), or conversely (+)‐(aS , aS ).     

Distinctive roles of receptor‐interacting protein kinases 1 and 3 in caspase‐independent cell death of L929

Upon tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) stimulation, cells respond actively by way of cell survival, apoptosis or programmed necrosis. The receptor‐interacting proteins 1 (RIP1) and 3 (RIP3) are responsible for TNFα‐mediated programmed necrosis. To delineate the differential contributions of RIP3 and RIP1 to programmed necrosis, L929 cells were stimulated with TNFα, carbobenzoxy‐valyl‐alanyl‐aspartyl‐[O‐methyl]‐fluoromethylketone (zVAD) or zVAD along with TNFα following RNA interference against RIP1 and RIP3, respectively. RIP1 silencing did not protect cells from TNFα‐mediated cell death, while RIP3 down‐regulation made them refractory to TNFα. The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GA) down‐regulated both RIP1 and RIP3 expression, which rendered cells resistant to zVAD/TNFα‐mediated cell death but not to TNFα‐mediated cell death alone. Therefore, the protective effect of GA on zVAD/TNFα‐stimulated necrosis might be attributed to RIP3, not RIP1, down‐regulation. Pretreatment of L929 cells with rapamycin mitigated zVAD‐mediated cell death, while the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine did not affect necrotic cell death. Meanwhile, necrotic cell death by zVAD and TNFα was caused by reactive oxygen species generation and effectively diminished by lipid‐soluble butylated hydroxyanisole. Taken together, the results indicate that RIP1 and RIP3 can independently mediate death signals being transduced by two different death stimuli, zVAD and TNFα. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

便携多路环境数据采集系统

便携多路环境数据采集系统姜仕仁，常杰，葛滢（杭州大学生物科学与技术系，３１００１２）ＡＰｏｒｔａｂｌｅＭｕｌｔｉ－ＰａｓｓａｇｅＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＤａｔａＡｕｔｏ－ＳａｍｐｌｉｎｇＳｙｓｔｅｍ．￥ＪｉａｎｇＳｈｉｒｅｎ；ＣｈａｎｇＪｉｅ；Ｇｅ...